宋梦贻, 李萌萌, 关二旗, 金瑞, 刘远晓, 卞科. 稳定化处理对青麦仁中酶活性、理化特性和微生物数量的影响[J]. 河南工业大学学报自然科学版, 2023, 44(2): 1-7,15. DOI: 10.16433/j.1673-2383.2023.02.001
    引用本文: 宋梦贻, 李萌萌, 关二旗, 金瑞, 刘远晓, 卞科. 稳定化处理对青麦仁中酶活性、理化特性和微生物数量的影响[J]. 河南工业大学学报自然科学版, 2023, 44(2): 1-7,15. DOI: 10.16433/j.1673-2383.2023.02.001
    SONG Mengyi, LI Mengmeng, GUAN Erqi, JIN Rui, LIU Yuanxiao, BIAN Ke. Effect of stabilization treatment on enzyme activity, physicochemical properties, and microbial colony of green wheat kernel[J]. Journal of Henan University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 44(2): 1-7,15. DOI: 10.16433/j.1673-2383.2023.02.001
    Citation: SONG Mengyi, LI Mengmeng, GUAN Erqi, JIN Rui, LIU Yuanxiao, BIAN Ke. Effect of stabilization treatment on enzyme activity, physicochemical properties, and microbial colony of green wheat kernel[J]. Journal of Henan University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2023, 44(2): 1-7,15. DOI: 10.16433/j.1673-2383.2023.02.001

    稳定化处理对青麦仁中酶活性、理化特性和微生物数量的影响

    Effect of stabilization treatment on enzyme activity, physicochemical properties, and microbial colony of green wheat kernel

    • 摘要: 青麦仁收割后面临储藏不稳定等问题,采用稳定化处理技术对其进行钝酶灭菌处理,期望获得最优的稳定化处理方法及条件。通过比较过热蒸汽(温度为110 ℃、160 ℃、200 ℃)处理、微波(功率为200 W、400 W、600 W)处理、热水漂烫(温度为60 ℃、85 ℃、100 ℃)3种处理方法对青麦仁中多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)和脂肪酶(lipase, LA)3种主要酶的活性、理化特性和微生物数量的影响,筛选出适宜的稳定化处理方法以延长青麦仁货架期。结果表明:过热蒸汽处理、微波处理和热水漂烫可以降低青麦仁中PPO、POD和LA的活性,也可以降低脂肪酸值和减少微生物数量;3种处理方法均不会对淀粉含量造成影响,青麦仁中淀粉含量保持在51.23%~54.81%;综合分析表明过热蒸汽处理和热水漂烫整体对青麦仁中酶钝化和微生物的杀灭效果优于微波处理。160 ℃过热蒸汽处理3 min和100 ℃漂烫处理2 min,可使青麦仁中PPO活性分别下降53.92%和62.68%,POD活性分别下降87.22%和75.45%,LA活性分别下降56.38%和46.77%,脂肪酸值分别下降46.51%和52.24%,对菌落总数的对数灭活率分别是50.33%和52.81%,霉菌的灭活率分别是25.00%和35.86%,对抗坏血酸含量的保留率分别是67.91%和29.61%。推荐160 ℃过热蒸汽处理3 min或100 ℃漂烫处理2 min作为青麦仁储藏前处理条件,可为青麦仁稳定化储藏提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: Green wheat kernel is not stable after harvesting. A stabilization treatment technology was used to sterilize green wheat kernel with blunted enzyme treatment to obtain the optimal stabiliztion treatment technology and conditions. The effects of the following parameters (e.g. superheated steam treatment temperature of 110 ℃, 160 ℃, and 200 ℃, microwave treatment power of 200 W, 400 W, and 600 W, and hot water blanching treatment temperature of 60 ℃, 85 ℃, and 100 ℃) on the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and lipase (LA), physicochemical properties and microbial colony were studied, thereafter, the optimal stabilization treatment was screened to extend the shelf life of green wheat kernels. The results showed that superheated steam, microwave, and hot water blanching reduced the activities of PPO, POD, and LA in green wheat kernel, and also reduced the value of fatty acids and microbial colony. The three heat treatments did not affect starch content, and starch content in green wheat kernel remained in the range of 51.23%-54.81%. Comprehensive analysis showed that the overall effect of superheated steam and hot water bleaching on enzyme passivation and microbial killing in green wheat kernels was better than that of microwave treatment. Among them, the 160 ℃ superheated steam treatment for 3 min and 100 ℃ bleaching treatment for 2 min can reduce the PPO activity in green wheat kernels by 53.92% and 62.68%; POD activity by 87.22% and 75.45% respectively; LA activity by 56.38% and 46.77%, fatty acid values by 46.51% and 52.24%, respectively, the inactivation rate of the total number of colonies was 50.33% and 52.81%, and the inactivation rate of molds was 25.00% and 35.86% respectively; the retention rate of ascorbic acid content was 67.91% and 29.61%, respectively. It is recommended that the 160 ℃ superheated steam treatment for 3 min or the 100 ℃ blanch treatment for 2 min can be used as pretreatment conditions for the storage of green wheat kernels, which provides a theoretical basis for the stable storage of green wheat kernels.

       

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