Abstract: In order to study the effects of different negative pressures on rice quality under different environmental conditions, high quality Japonica rice, Wuyunjing 23 was used as the research object to regularly investigate fatty acid value, germination rate, brown rice yield, yellowness index and falling value for 6 months. The Southwest China middle temperature and low humidity storage grain area, the Central China middle temperature and high humidity storage grain area, and the South China high temperature and high humidity storage grain area were simulated, and the atmospheric pressures were set at control, low, medium and high negative pressures (-0.52, -0.84, and -0.97 kg/cm²). The results showed that compared with common atmospheric pressure, the germination rate of high quality rice was lower under negative pressure. Therefore, seed grain should not be stored under negative pressures. Negative pressure had extremely significant effect on fatty acid value and brown rice yield (P< 0.01). Under the tested environmental conditions, the quality of high quality rice was the best under high negative pressure of 0.97 kg/cm². The negative pressure had no effect on the yellowness index (P> 0.05). However, the ambient temperature and humidity had extremely significant effects on each index (P< 0.01), and high quality rice had the highest quality change under high temperature and high humidity conditions in South China. By comparing the F value of each quality index, it was found that the influences of ambient temperature and humidity on the quality of high quality rice were much greater than that of the negative pressure. Therefore, the storage temperature and humidity should be controlled first, and then the higher negative pressure should be selected in the process of storing rice under negative pressure.