膨化玉米粉对面粉糊化特性及面团流变特性的影响

    Effects of extruded corn flour on the gelatinization properties of wheat flour and dough rheological properties

    • 摘要: 采用挤压膨化法处理玉米粉得到膨化玉米粉,将玉米粉、膨化玉米粉分别与小麦粉进行不同梯度配比(0%、5%、10%、15%),研究了膨化玉米粉、玉米粉对小麦混粉的糊化特性和小麦面团流变特性及微观结构的影响,建立了混粉糊化特性与面团流变特性的线性回归方程。结果表明:以小麦粉为对照,随着玉米粉添加量的增加,混粉的糊化黏度(峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度)、回生值及衰减值逐渐增大,而膨化玉米粉的添加对混粉糊化特性的影响与此趋势相反;玉米-小麦混粉冷黏性随着玉米粉添加量增大无显著变化,而膨化玉米-小麦混粉冷黏性随膨化玉米粉添加量增加逐渐增大;相比于玉米粉,膨化玉米粉的添加增加了小麦面团的黏度力及黏附性,增强了小麦面团的黏结力,使面团内部结构更紧实;面粉糊化特性与面团流变特性显著相关,可通过面团的冷黏性、黏度力及阻尼系数对其混粉糊化特性(峰值黏度、谷值黏度、衰减值、最终黏度、回生值及糊化温度)进行预测。膨化玉米粉的加入改善了混粉的热稳定性,并在一定程度上抑制淀粉的老化;膨化玉米粉具有冷黏性,可改善面团品质,且在添加量为5%时面团品质最佳。

       

      Abstract: Extruded corn flour (ECF) was prepared from corn flour (CF) by extrusion process. Different gradient ratios (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %) of CF and ECF were blended with wheat flour, respectively. Effects of ECF and CF on the gelatinization properties of blended flour, and rheological properties and microstructure of wheat dough were investigated, and linear regression equations were established for the gelatinization properties of blended flour and dough rheological properties. Results revealed that 1) the gelatinization viscosities (peak viscosity, valley viscosity, final viscosity), setback value and attenuation value of blended flour significantly increased with the addition of CF, while the opposite trend was noticed with ECF. 2) the cold viscosity of CF-wheat mixture had no significant change with increasing amout of CF, but the cold viscosity of ECF-wheat mixture increased with the increasing amount of ECF. 3) compared with CF, ECF contributed to enhance the adhesiveness and adhesive force of wheat dough, leading to higher dough cohesiveness and internal structure compactness. 4) the flour gelatinization properties were significantly correlated with the dough rheological properties. Cold viscosity, adhesiveness and damping coefficient of dough could be used for predicting the gelatinization properties of blended flour. These results indicated that ECF helped to improve the thermal stability of blended flour, and prevent the starch retrogradation. ECF content of 5% was favorable for improving the quality of wheat dough.

       

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