Abstract: Based on the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) self-assembling technique, this study developed a biosensor composed of glucose oxidase liposome (GLM) bioreactor and glassy carbon electrode(GCE) for the rapid and efficient detection of heavy metal residues. AuNPs and GLM were successfully prepared and characterized, and then the electrochemical properties of (AuNPs/GLM)-GCE were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry(CV). The results showed that the gold nanoparticles-modified enzyme liposome electrode had an evident increase in the oxidation peak current. Taking heavy metal ions examples, the inhibition rates of both Hg²⁺ and Cu²⁺ kept a good linear relationship with the logarithms of the ion concentrations within the range from 10^-6 to 10^-2 for Hg²⁺ and from 10^-8 to 10^-4 for Cu²⁺. The fitting equations were I=0.042 3lgC+0.583 6 (Hg²⁺) and I=0.066lgC+0.632 3(Cu²⁺) with the corresponding limit of detection of 4.38 ng/mL and 86.3 ng/mL at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The results showed that the AuNPs-modified enzyme biosensor could effectively improve the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensor, and could be applied for detecting heavy metal ions rapidly and efficiently. The study provides a new basis for the application of electrochemical methods in detection of heavy metal ions.