不同储藏温度下蒸谷米和大米物理特性对比研究

    Comparative study on physical properties of steamed rice and rice at different storage temperatures

    • 摘要: 为了研究储藏温度对蒸谷米物理特性的影响,以同批次稻谷加工成的大米作为参照,将其与蒸谷米样品分别置于15、25、35℃,湿度均为75%的条件下进行储藏,定期对样品的水分含量、色泽(L*a*b*)、硬度指数、电导率、菌落总数进行测定,探讨各指标的变化规律。结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,蒸谷米和大米的水分含量、L*、硬度指数呈波动下降趋势,变化速率与储藏温度呈正相关;而两者的a*b*、电导率、菌落总数都呈升高趋势。在储藏期内,除水分含量外,蒸谷米其他物理特性指标的变化率均小于大米。储藏时间与蒸谷米的b*、电导率和菌落总数呈极显著正相关,相关系数在0.472及以上,与a*呈显著正相关,与水分含量呈显著负相关;储藏温度与其a*b*呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.714和0.700,与水分含量、L*和硬度指数呈极显著负相关,相关系数绝对值在0.747及以上。在储藏过程中,蒸谷米能更好地抵御外界环境条件的影响,具有良好的储藏稳定性。

       

      Abstract: In order to study the effect of storage temperature on the physical properties of steamed rice, the rice processed in the same batch was used as the reference, the steamed rice and rice samples were packed into bags with sewn gauze. Each bag contained about 1 kg of samples and was placed in three boxes with constant temperature and humidity. The temperature was set at 15, 25, and 35℃, respectively, and the relative humidity was set at 75%. The storage period was 300 days. Samples were taken every 30 days for the physical properties determination. The water content, color, grain hardness, conductivity, and mold infection of the samples were measured and compared so as to explore the change law of each index.The results showed that the moisture content, L* value and hardness index of steamed rice and rice fluctuated and decreased with the extension of storage time, and the change rate was positively correlated with the storage temperature. And both the values of a*, b* value, conductivity, fungal infection increased. Storage time was significantly positively correlated with color b* value, electrical conductivity and total bacterial count of steamed rice, with correlation coefficient of 0.472 or above, and also significantly positively correlated with color a* value. However, storage time was negatively correlated with water content. Storage temperature was significantly positively correlated with color a* value and color b* value, with correlation coefficients of 0.714 and 0.700, respectively, and negatively correlated with moisture content, color L* value and hardness index, with absolute correlation coefficient of -0.747 and above. Storage time, storage temperature and their interaction had a very significant effect on the physical characteristics of rice (P< 0.01). For steamed rice, storage time had neither significant effect on the color L* value nor the total number of colonies, but it had a significant effect on the electrical conductivity (P< 0.05). The interaction between storage time and storage temperature had a significant effect on the color L* value rather than the conductivity.During the storage period, except for water content, the change rates of other physical characteristics of steamed rice were less than that of rice. On the whole, the correlation between the color, grain hardness and electrical conductivity of steamed rice and storage time was stronger, and the correlation between the total number of colonies and grain color, hardness and electrical conductivity was weaker; The color, total number of colonies and electrical conductivity of steamed rice were more resistant to storage conditions than rice, indicating that steamed rice had a stronger resistance to external environmental conditions and insect and mold infection.In the process of storage, steamed millet can better resist the influence of external environmental conditions, and has good storage stability.

       

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