稳定化糙小米全粉的制备及其在馒头中的应用

    Preparation of stabilized whole brown millet meal and its application in steamed bread

    • 摘要: 糙小米富含多种营养物质,对人体健康有益,但其糠层中的油脂易被脂肪酶水解生成游离脂肪酸,发生氧化酸败,为延长其保质期,分别采用干热空气、蒸汽和挤压法对小米糠进行稳定化处理,通过分析过氧化物酶残留活力、植酸含量和谷维素含量以及37℃加速储存过程中其脂肪酸值,得到小米糠稳定化处理的最优方法及条件。该条件下处理后的小米糠按9%与小米粉配混制备糙小米全粉,将糙小米全粉以不同比例添加到小麦粉中制备馒头。研究表明:干热空气、蒸汽处理小米糠时,过氧化物酶残留活力随时间的延长而降低;在相同的处理时间内,过氧化物酶残留活力随干热空气温度的升高而降低;在相同的水分含量条件下,经挤压处理后小米糠的过氧化物酶残留活力随温度的升高而降低;在相同的温度条件下,挤压处理时小米糠的水分含量越高,酶的残留活力越低;小米糠经3种方式处理后其植酸和谷维素的含量均低于未处理组;37℃加速储藏期间小米糠的脂肪酸值呈上升的趋势,其中,未处理组的上升幅度最大,挤压处理后小米糠的脂肪酸值上升幅度最小,故将挤压法作为稳定小米糠的最佳方法;当糙小米全粉添加量低于20%时,馒头的比容和质构均随添加量的增大而逐渐改善,且添加量为20%时比容达到最大值2.72 mL/g;当添加量大于20%时,馒头的结构变差、色泽加深且感官评分降低,故回添法制备的糙小米全粉在制作馒头时的最适添加量为20%。

       

      Abstract: Brown millet is rich in multiple nutrients, which are beneficial to human health, but the lipids in the millet bran are easily hydrolyzed by lipase to generate free fatty acids, further oxidative rancidity will occur and the shelf life will be shorter. In this study, millet bran was stabilized by dry-hot air, water vapour, and extrusion methods. The best treatment of stabilization on millet bran was evaluated by analyzing the residual activity of peroxidase, the content of phytic acid and oryzanol in millet bran, and the fatty acid content of millet bran during accelerated storage at 37℃. The whole brown millet meal was prepared by mixing the millet flour with 9% of millet bran under the best treatment condition. And the whole brown millet meal was added to the wheat flour in different proportions and applied to the production of steamed bread. The results showed that when the millet bran was treated with dry-hot air and water vapour methods, the residual activity of peroxidase decreased with time. At the same treatment time, the residual activity of peroxidase decreased with the increase of dry-hot air temperature. Under the same moisture content, the peroxidase residual activity of millet bran after extrusion treatment decreased with the increase of temperature, and at the same temperature, the higher the moisture content of millet bran during extrusion, the lower the residual activity of the enzyme. The content of phytic acid and oryzanol in millet bran treated by the above three methods was lower than those in untreated group. During the accelerated storage process, the fatty acid content of millet bran gradually increased with time, and the increase for the untreated group was the largest. The increase range of fatty acid content of extruded millet bran was the smallest, the increase rate was the slowest and the stability was the best. When the addition amount of whole brown millet meal was less than 20%, the specific volume and texture of steamed bread improved gradually with the increase of the addition amount. When the addition amount was 20%, the specific volume reached the maximum value of 2.72 mL/g. When the added amount was more than 20%, the texture of steamed bread became worse, the color deepened and the sensory score decreased with the increase of the added amount. Therefore, the optimum amount of whole brown millet meal prepared by recombining was 20% when added to produce steamed bread.

       

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