不同种类水果酵素发酵特性及抗氧化特性的比较

    Comparative study on fermentation and antioxidant properties of different kinds of fruit enzymes

    • 摘要: 为了探究不同水果酵素的发酵特性及抗氧化特性,以苹果、蓝莓和猕猴桃为原料,采用酵母发酵制备3种单一水果酵素,测定pH值、还原糖、乙醇和总酚含量,检测DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力以及总还原力在发酵过程中的变化规律。结果表明:在新鲜水果中,蓝莓的还原糖和总酚含量最高;随发酵时间的延长,3种水果酵素的pH值都在发酵40 d时达到最大值,还原糖含量显著下降,乙醇含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,在发酵3 d时达到最大值;苹果和猕猴桃酵素在发酵20 d时总酚含量达到最大值,蓝莓酵素在发酵3 d时总酚含量达到最大值;3种水果酵素的DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率在发酵40 d时达到最大值;新鲜水果的羟自由基清除能力最强,发酵后显著下降;3种水果酵素对ABTS自由基清除率在发酵3 d时达到最大值;苹果酵素发酵3 d、蓝莓酵素发酵7 d、猕猴桃酵素发酵20 d,总还原力分别达到最大值。因此,发酵削弱了水果的酸度,增加了酚类物质的含量,提高了抗氧化性能及食用特性。

       

      Abstract: In order to investigate the fermentation characteristics and antioxidant properties of different fruit enzymes, apple, blueberry and kiwifruit were used as raw materials, and three kinds of single fruit enzymes were prepared by yeast fermentation. pH value and the content of reducing sugar, ethanol, and total phenol were determined in the fermentation process.DPPH radical scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, superoxide anion radical scavenging ability, ABTS scavenging ability and total reducing power were detected during fermentation.The results showed that among the fresh fruits, blueberry had the highest reducing sugar content and total phenol content. With the prolongation of fermentation time, the pH values of the three fruits reached the maximum value at 40 d of fermentation. The reducing sugar content of the three fruits decreased significantly, while the ethanol content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and reached the maximum value at 3 d of fermentation. The total powder content of apple and macaque pickling enzymes reached the maximum value at 20 d of fermentation, and blueberry pickling enzymes reached the maximum value at 3 d of fermentation. The scavenging rate of DPPH and superoxide anion reached the maximum at 40 d, and the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical was the highest in fresh fruit, but decreased significantly after fermentation. ABTS clearance rate of the three fruit enzymes reached the maximum at 3 d of fermentation. The maximum total reducing power of apple was 3 d, blueberry 7 d and kiwi fruit 20 d. Compared with fresh fruits, the pH values of apple, blueberry and kiwifruit enzyme were significantly increased, the total reducing sugar content were significantly decreased, the ethanol content was significantly increased, and the total phenol content was significantly increased after fermentation. The scavenging ability of DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical and ABTS was significantly increased by fermentation, but the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radical was decreased, and the total reducing abilities of apple, blueberry and kiwifruit were finally increased. As a result, fruit fermentation reduces acidity, increases phenolic content and antioxidant properties, and the enzymes improve the edible properties of apples, blueberries and macaques.

       

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