剪切与均质条件和抗氧化剂对水包剥离亚麻籽油乳液稳定性的影响

    The effects of shear and homogenization conditions and antioxidants on the physicochemical stability of stripped flaxseed oil in water food emulsion

    • 摘要: 为制备高物化稳定性的水包剥离亚麻籽油乳液,拓宽亚麻籽油在食品工业中的应用,先采用柱层析法制备剥离亚麻籽油(stripped flaxseed oil, SFO),探究剪切速率、剪切时间、均质压力、均质次数及抗氧化剂对SFO乳液物理稳定性(粒径、电位、表面张力)和氧化稳定性(过氧化值(PV)、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARs)、茴香胺值(p-AV))的影响。研究表明:剪切速率越大,时间越长,乳液粒径、电位绝对值、表面张力越小,物理稳定性越高;剪切速率较低时发生初级氧化,剪切速率超过19 000 r/min,TBARs显著升高,次级氧化加快,氧化稳定性下降;以22 000 r/min剪切6 min,PV达4.53 mmol/kg,TBARs达31.50 μmol/g;均质压力及次数的增加均显著提高乳液的物理稳定性,降低其氧化稳定性;均质过程中乳液的物化稳定性高于剪切过程中的;均质压力低于10 MPa时均质次数对氧化稳定性影响不大,超过10 MPa时增加均质次数,PV和TBARs均增大,氧化稳定性下降。均质压力60 MPa、均质3次,乳液PV达2.14 mmol/kg,TBARs达19.03 μmol/g;3种抗氧化剂(TBHQ、VC及GTP)均显著降低乳液PV,但VC和GTP增大了TBARs,这可能是在制乳过程中自身氧化或起促氧化作用。因此,剪切和均质过程对乳液的稳定性有显著影响,采用较低剪切速率、较高均质压力、较少的均质次数,加入自身稳定的抗氧化剂,乳液的物化稳定性较高。

       

      Abstract: In order to prepare stripped flaxseed oil-in-water emulsion with high physicochemical stability, broaden the application of flaxseed oil in the food industry, the stripped flaxseed oil (SFO) was prepared using the silica gel column chromatography to remove the endogenous polar components. After treatment, the peroxide value of SFO was decreased to 0.28 mmol/kg, the polarity was dropped from 5.51% to 0.85%, and the content of trace components (sterols, sterol esters, tocopherols and polyphenols) were not detected. SFO was then used to fabricate the flaxseed oil in water emulsion using the methods of high-speed shearing and high-pressure homogenization. Effects of shearing rate, shearing time, homogenization pressure, and homogenization cycles on the physiochemical stability of the SFO emulsion were determined by measuring the droplet size, zeta potential, surface tension, PV value, TBARs value, and p-Anisidine Value. The results showed that the increase of shearing time and shearing speed both highly decreased the droplet size and zeta potential of the droplets, otherwise highly increased the temperature, peroxide value of emulsions and TBARs value, respectively up to 34 ℃, 4.53 mmol/kg and 31.50 μmol/g under the shearing speed of 22 000 r/min and shearing time of 6 min. The primary oxidation process was dominant in the treatment of high-speed shearing process. However, when the shearing speed increased beyond 19 000 r/min, values of TBARs in SFO emulsions obviously grew. The treatment of homogenization generated a smaller droplet size and a higher physical stability of SFO emulsions than the high-speed shearing. Similarly, the increase of the homogenization pressure and cycles highly increased the physical stability but decreased the oxidation stability of the SFO emulsions. The increase of emulsion temperature in the homogenization process was more significant than in the high-speed shearing process. However, the oxidation extent of SFO in emulsions from the homogenization was lower than that from the high-speed shearing. The oxidation of SFO in the homogenization process was advanced at the primary oxidation stage. The emulsion temperature reached up to 50 ℃ under 60 MPa and 3 cycles induced the PV value at 2.14 mmol/kg and the TBARs value at 19.03 μmol/g. Increase of the homogenization cycle little affected the emulsion temperature but obviously increased PV and TBARs values at the homogenization pressure beyond 10 MPa. The antioxidants-TBHQ, VC and GTP were added before preparation of SFO emulsions to prevent the oxidation stability loss of SFO in the emulsifying processes. It was found that the addition of the three antioxidants little influenced the physical stability of the SFO emulsions and obviously decreased the PV level of emulsions. However, VC and GTP both increased the TBARs value of emulsions, which might be attributed to its self-oxidation or the pro-oxidation effects in the emulsifying process. Therefore, high-speed shear and homogenization processes had a significant impact on the stability of the emulsion. With lower shear rate, higher homogenization pressure and fewer homogenization times, adding self-stable antioxidants will increase the physicochemical stability of the emulsion.

       

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