Abstract: Selenium is an essential trace element in the human body, and has important biological activities such as improving human immunity and anti-oxidation. However, the absorption rate of inorganic selenium is low and the intake safety is poor, hence, organic selenium is the current research focus. Selenium-enriched bioactive peptide is a functional polypeptide, which is mostly prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, metal chelation and other methods. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have focused on the preparation and separation of selenopeptides, and have also done a lot of research on its biological activity and bioavailability. Based on relevant research at home and abroad, the preparation sources and methods of selenium-enriched bioactive peptides, anticancer, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and other activities, and bioavailability are discussed in order to provide a basis for a more in-depth study of its structure and the mechanism of human absorption and transformation.