淀粉含量和直链与支链比例对淀粉基可降解薄膜的性能影响及土壤降解研究

    Effects of starch content and ratio of amylose to amylopectin on the performance of starch-based degradable film and its degradation in soil

    • 摘要: 为探究淀粉含量和直链与支链比例对薄膜结构和性能的影响,采用挤出-热压法制备了一系列不同淀粉含量(30%~60%)以及不同直链与支链比例(65/35~20/80)的淀粉和聚己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PBAT)及聚乳酸(PLA)共混的薄膜,通过扫描电镜和力学、屏障性能测试探讨淀粉与生物聚酯材料的相互作用。结果表明:淀粉添加量50%且直链淀粉65%的薄膜表现出最高拉伸强度和较好的阻隔性能,薄膜表面均匀,断裂面显示出淀粉和生物聚酯呈现双连续相缠绕结构;淀粉含量和直链淀粉比例增加会使水蒸气渗透性提高,水接触角测量显示由高疏水性(102°/68.6°)变为弱亲水性(64.5°/54.7°)。选择自然环境的土壤进行薄膜降解研究发现,淀粉成分可以促进降解,具有绿色环保的特点。

       

      Abstract: In this study, a series of blends with different starch content (30%-60%) and amylose/amylopectin ratio (65/35-20/80) were designed to investigate the effect of starch composition on the structure and properties of the films in starch/polybutylene adipate-glycol terephthalate (PBAT)/polylactic acid (PLA) blends. A series of starch/PBAT/PLA blend films were prepared by twin-screw extrusion (zone Ⅰ:60℃, zone Ⅱ:120℃, zone Ⅲ:170℃) combined with hot pressing (50 kN, 170℃). The variation trends of microstructure (surface morphology and fracture section structure), mechanics (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus), barrier properties (water and light transmittance) and surface hydrophobicity of films were investigated. The interaction mechanism between starch and bio-polyester was discussed. The results showed that the film with 50% starch content and 65% amylose content had the highest mechanical properties (tensile strength 18.22 MPa, modulus 449.8 MPa), and the film surface was uniform and smooth. The fracture surface of the film showed a double-continuous winding structure of starch and bio-polyester. With the increase of starch content and amylose ratio, the water vapor permeability was improved, as well as the ultraviolet light shielding effect of all films (less than 1%). Water contact angle measurements showed a change from high hydrophobicity (102°/68.6°) to weak hydrophilicity (64.5°/54.7°). The results could be used to guide the selection of raw materials for starch-based blends.The tensile strength and modulus of the films were improved with high amylose content of starch. The higher the proportion of branched chain in starch, the better the moisture barrier property of the film. Finally, in order to study the degradation efficacy of the film, soil in natural environment was collected. It was found that starch component could promote degradation. Therefore, such films are environmentally friendly and this study provides a theoretical basis for the preparation of degradable materials.

       

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