Abstract: The issue of volatility, chemical instability and water-insolubility of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AAEO) can be solved by preparing essential oil into Pickering emulsions (PEs). Usually, PEs are balanced out by solid particles that accumulate at the oil-water interface and reduce the system’s interfacial energy, as opposed to conventional emulsifiers. These solid particles are neither soluble in water nor soluble in the oil phase so that these amphiphilic particles will accumulate at the oil-water interface. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are considered to fit particles for oil-in-water PEs, and have a few significant qualities like high crystallinity, high aspect ratio, and excellent mechanical properties. AAEO as the oil phase and CNCs as the stabilizer were used to prepare the Artemisia argyi essential oil Pickering emulsion (AAEO-PEs). In this research, we are going center on finding more appropriate strategies to extend the stabilization time of emulsions for better application in food and other industries. The effects of pH value, dispersion time and ultrasonic time on the emulsifying stability index (ESI) and volumetric mean particle size (D_4,3) of the emulsion were investigated using fluorescence microscopy, laser particle size distribution instrument, and UV spectrophotometer. In addition, the sustained release effect of AAEO-PEs was studied by measuring its loss rate. The results showed that as the pH value increased from 3 to 11, the AAEO-PEs stability decreased and then increased, and the droplet size increased and then decreased, in addition, when the pH value of the aqueous phase was 3, the highest ESI value of the emulsion was (26365.14±1422.61) min and the smallest D_4,3 of the emulsion was (0.82 ± 0.02) μm. When the dispersion time was increased to 120 s, the highest ESI value of the emulsion was (9438.84 ± 41.17) min and the smallest D_4,3 was (1.22±0.01) μm. Also, the ultrasonic time increased the AAEO stability, and the ESI increased from (2627.63±35.17) min to (8 920.54±509.61) min when the sonication time was extended from 0 min to 20 min, and the minimum D_4,3 of the emulsion was (1.29±0.06) μm. The slow release analysis showed that the loss of essential oil was 8.17% compared to 1.72% for AAEO-PEs at 24 h, which significantly delayed the release of essential oil by preparing it into Pickering emulsion (P<0. 05). This study has a guiding significance for the development and application of Artemisia argyi essential oil and provides a reference for the development of green and safe plant-derived bacteriostatic agents.