Abstract: In order to investigate the growth characteristics, changes in sugar metabolism and antioxidant properties during passage. The growth curves of the 1st, 5th, 15th and 20th generations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared. The conductivity of the fermentation broth was measured using a conductivity meter, the protein and nucleic acid content of different generations of yeast fermentation broth were determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the remaining glucose content of the yeast fermentation broth was determined by DNS, the ethanol content of the fermentation broth was determined by potassium dichromate. The results showed that with the increase of yeast passage, the time of yeast entering the plateau phase was delayed and the division ability decreased. The conductivity and the content of protein and nucleic acid showed a significant increasing trend, where the conductivity of the 20th generation yeast medium was the highest. However, the content of glucose showed a decreasing trend, and the content of glucose in the 20th generation medium was the highest. The content of ethanol was decreasing during passage, in comparison with the 20th generation, the content in the 1st generation was only 30.27%. The content of glycerol was increasing, the content in the 20th generation was 2.84 times higher than the 1st generation. Both the content of trehalose and intracellular ROS increased. The activities of intracellular SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes showed an increasing trend, and significant enhancement was observed for the 10th and 20th generations. Furthermore, cell membrane permeability of yeast increased during passage, and the carbon utilization shifted from glycolytic metabolism to trehalose and glycerol metabolism. The activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes increased, but these increases did not effectively reduce the oxidative damage to the cells, and the fermentative capability of the cells decreased significantly with aging.