新型储粮防虫包装材料物理性能和防虫效果研究
Study on the physical properties and pest control effect of a new type of insect-resistant packaging material for stored grain
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摘要: 为明确由工厂中试生产的新型储粮防虫包装材料的物理性能、防虫效果,按照相关测定方法对包装材料的物理性能进行了测定,选取8种储藏物害虫成虫和3种储藏物害虫幼虫为研究对象验证新型储粮防虫包装材料的防虫效果,并采用防虫罩、防虫包装袋2种方法进行了应用模拟。结果表明:添加药剂前后,薄膜的耐压强度、撕裂强度、抗刺穿能力、跌落性能没有受到影响,仅有拉伸强度下降、摩擦系数降低;普通薄膜和改良薄膜均能够阻止害虫为害,防虫效果差异显著;在9 d的试验周期内没有试虫穿透任意一种包装材料;在普通薄膜上,试虫成虫存活率在9 d后才出现降至0的情况,而在改良薄膜上,试虫成虫存活率在3 d后就出现降至0的情况;储藏90 d后,普通薄膜包装内部出现明显的害虫侵染现象,改良薄膜包装内部却完全未见害虫的踪迹。改良薄膜能够有效防止害虫侵害,作为包装材料可较好地抵御害虫入侵,防虫有效期约在3个月以上。Abstract: To ascertain the physical properties and pest control effects of a novel insect-proof packaging material for grain storage produced through pilot-scale manufacturing at a factory, measurements of the physical properties of the packaging material were conducted according to the relevant testing methods. Eight species of adults stored-product pest insects and three species of their larvae were selected as subjects to verify the insect-proof effectiveness of the novel packaging material. Futhermore, application simulations were carried out using two methods: insect-proof covers and insect-proof packaging bags. The results indicated that the compressive strength, tear strength, puncture resistance, and drop performance of the films were unaffected before and after the addition of pestcides. Only the tensile strength decreased, and friction coefficient reduced. Both ordinary and improved films could prevent pest infestation, with significant differences in insect-proof effectiveness observed. No test insects penetrated any type of packaging material within the 9-day testing period. On ordinary films, the survival rate of adult worms dropped to 0% after 9 days, whereas on improved films, the survival rate of adult worms dropped to 0% after 3 days. After 90 days of storage, obvious pest infestation was observed inside packages with ordinary films, whereas no trace of pests were found inside packaging material with good resistance to pest invasion, offering an insect-proof effectiveness of approximately 3 months.