小麦湿热处理对小麦粉及挂面品质特性的影响

    Effect of heat-moisture treatment of wheat on the quality characteristics of wheat flour and dried noodles

    • 摘要: 为探究湿热处理条件对小麦品质的影响,在恒定水分含量18%条件下,采用电热鼓风干燥箱法选取不同温度(45、55、65、75、85 ℃)对小麦进行湿热处理,以未经热处理的小麦为对照组,分析小麦籽粒及小麦粉理化特性、蛋白质和面条品质特性变化情况。结果表明:随着处理温度升高,小麦籽粒容重显著增加,角质率显著下降;小麦粉白度降低,破损淀粉含量显著增加,降落数值、溶剂保持力、蛋白亚基含量无明显变化,较低温度下处理糊化黏度有所增加,85 ℃处理糊化黏度显著下降;与对照组相比,处理温度超过75 ℃时,湿面筋、麦谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)含量、面条硬度、弹性和咀嚼性降低,45、55、65 ℃处理,湿面筋含量与对照组相当,SDS可萃取率、面条蒸煮损失率下降,弹性有所增加,感官评分有所提升。综合可得,水分含量18%小麦在55 ℃湿热处理30 min时,对挂面品质具有改善作用,在不高于65 ℃时,不会造成小麦品质的明显下降。

       

      Abstract: To investigate the effect of heat-moist treatment conditions on wheat quality, wheat was treated with heat-moisture at different temperatures (45 ℃, 55 ℃, 65 ℃, 75 ℃, 85 ℃) using an electric blast drying oven method under a constant moisture content of 18%, with untreated wheat as the control group, and the heat-moisture treatment wheat was made into wheat flour. The changes in wheat grain, wheat flour physicochemical, protein characteristics, and noodle application quality characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that as the processing temperature increased, the bulk density of wheat grains significantly increased, while the keratin rate significantly decreased; The whiteness of wheat flour decreased, and the content of damaged starch significantly increased. There was no significant change in the falling number, solvent retention, and protein subunit content. The gelatinization viscosity increased at lower temperatures but significantly decreased at 85 ℃. Compared with the control group, the treatment temperature exceeding 75 ℃ resulted in a decrease in wet gluten, gluten polymer (GMP) content, noodle hardness, elasticity, and chewiness. When treated at 45 ℃, 55 ℃, and 65 ℃, the wet gluten content was comparable to the control group, and the SDS extractable rate, the cooking loss rate of noodles decreased, the elasticity increased, and the sensory score improved. In conclusion, when wheat with 18% moisture content is treated with humidity and heat at 55 ℃ for 30 min, it can improve the quality of dried noodles. Treatment at temperatures not exceeding 65 ℃ does not cause significant degradation of wheat quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for stabilizing or enhancing the quality of wheat through heat treatment.

       

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