Abstract: Grain quality detection is crucial for quality control in maize breeding, elite variety selection, storage management, market circulation, and deep processing. Non-destructive detection technology based on visible light images has the significant advantages of high efficiency, low cost and ease of large-scale adoption, and has become a research hotspot in the field of agricultural detection. This paper reviews the research progress on variety identification, appearance quality detection, as well as the detection of four internal qualities: internal cracks, seed vigor, moisture content, and nutrient components of maize grain based on visible light images, analyzes limitations and deficiencies in the existing research, and explores the future development trends of maize grain quality detection technology based on visible light images. The aim is to offer a reference for the research and application of non-destructive quality detection technology of maize grain.