Abstract: Grain quality detection is crucial for quality control in maize breeding, elite seed selection, storage management, market circulation, and deep processing. Non-destructive detection technology based on visible light images offers significant advantages such as high efficiency, low cost, and ease of large-scale deployment, making it an active area of research in agricultural detection. This paper reviews the research progress on maize grain variety identification, appearance quality detection, and the detection of four internal quality attributes (internal cracks, seed vigor, moisture content, and nutritional component) based on visible light images, analyzes limitations in the existing research, and explores the future development trends of maize grain quality detection technology based on visible light images. The aim is to offer a reference for the research and application of non-destructive quality detection technology of maize grain.