制备方式对全麦粉品质与储藏稳定性的影响

    Effect of manufacturing methods on the quality and storage stability of whole wheat flour

    • 摘要: 为明确制备方式对全麦粉品质特性及储藏稳定性的影响,采用直接粉碎与回添两种方法制备6组全麦粉样品(旋风磨直接粉碎、布勒实验磨制粉后回添、胚芽与普通麸皮回添、普通麸皮回添、胚芽与膨化麸皮回添、膨化麸皮回添),测定其理化特性、色泽、粒度分布及储藏稳定性,并分析所制馒头的比容与质构特性。结果表明:旋风磨直接粉碎所得全麦粉平均粒径最大;回添胚芽的样品粗脂肪与粗蛋白含量高于未回添组,其余品质指标无显著差异;回添普通麸皮的全麦粉水分含量分别为13.76%和13.64%,显著高于其他4组;回添膨化麸皮的全麦粉可溶性膳食纤维与总酚含量显著高于其他4组,且其所制馒头品质相对更优;加速储藏6周后,旋风磨直接粉碎与回添膨化麸皮的全麦粉脂肪酸值及丙二醛含量均显著低于其他3组,表现出较好的储藏稳定性。综上,旋风磨直接粉碎与回添膨化麸皮的全麦粉具有较优的储藏稳定性,其中回添膨化麸皮的全麦粉在馒头加工品质方面表现更佳。

       

      Abstract: To clarify the effect of manufacturing methods on the quality characteristics and storage stability of whole wheat flour (WWF), six groups of WWF samples were prepared using two methods: direct grinding and re-addition. The specific groups were as follows: direct grinding with a cyclone mill; re-addition after milling with a Bühler experimental mill; re-addition of germ and regular bran; re-addition of regular bran;re-addition of germ and extruded bran; re-addition of extruded bran. The physicochemical properties, color parameters, particle size distribution, pasting viscosity, and storage stability of the WWF samples were determined, and the specific volume and texture characteristics of whole wheat steamed bread made from these flours were analyzed. Results indicated that WWF produced by direct grinding with a hammer mill had the largest average particle size. Samples with germ re-addition (WWF3 and WWF5) exhibited significantly higher crude fat and crude protein contents compared with those without germ (WWF2, WWF4, WWF6), while no significant differences were observed in other quality indices. The moisture contents of WWFs with regular bran re-addition (WWF3 and WWF4) were 13.76% and 13.64%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other four groups. WWFs samples with extruded bran re-addition (WWF5 and WWF6) had significantly higher contents of soluble dietary fiber and total phenolic compounds than other groups and yielded higher-quality steamed bread. After 6 weeks of re-addition accelerated storage, the fatty acid values of WWF1 (direct grinding), WWF5 (germ and extruded bran re-addition), and WWF6 (both with extruded bran re-added) were 103.24, 92.27, and 86.99 mg/100 g, respectively, while their malondialdehyde contents were 3.01, 3.06, and 3.01 mg/kg—significantly lower than those of the other three samples—indicating enhanced storage stability. In summary, the WWF1 (direct grinding), WWF5, and WWF6 (both with extruded bran re-added) exhibited greater storage stability. Moreover, WWFs with extruded bran re-addition produced higher-quality steamed bread.

       

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