市售浓香玉米油的风味物质组成及感官分析

    Analysis of flavor composition and sensory quality of commercially available strong aromatic corn oils

    • 摘要: 为系统评估和分析市售浓香玉米油的品质差异及其风味特性,采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, SAFE)提取5种市售浓香玉米油中的挥发性成分,并通过气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术(Gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, GC-O-MS)对其香气活性物质进行鉴定和对比分析。利用相对气味活度值(Relative odor activity values, ROAV)确定关键活性物质,同时进行感官品质评价。结果表明:5种市售浓香玉米油的理化指标均符合国家标准;其主要脂肪酸为油酸和亚油酸,二者总含量超过80%;生育酚含量存在显著性差异,甾醇含量为8.57~11.62 mg/g;共鉴定出58种香气活性物质,包括11种吡嗪类、11种醛类、7种呋喃类、6种酯类、6种酮类、5种醇类、5种吡咯类、2种酚类、2种酸类、1种吡啶类、1种硫类及1种苯类化合物;通过ROAV分析确定,浓香玉米油的关键风味化合物为4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚、糠醛、苯乙醛和3-甲基丁醛;感官品质分析显示,浓香玉米油的主要风味为烤玉米味,不同品牌产品还带有不同程度的咸香味、坚果味、甜香味及焦糊味。本研究结果为浓香玉米油的香气品质调控提供了理论参考。

       

      Abstract: To systematically evaluate and analyse the quality variations and flavour characteristics of commercially available strong aromatic corn oils, solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE) was employed to extract volatile components from five commercially available strong aromatic corn oils. Their aroma-active substances were then identified and comparatively analysed using gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS). Relative odour activity values (ROAV) were used to identify key active compounds, alongside sensory quality evaluations. The results showed that all five commercially available strong aromatic corn oil samples complied with the national standards for physicochemical indexes. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were the predominant fatty acids, which together constitute over 80% of the total fatty acid content. Significant variations were observed in tocopherol content, while the sterol content ranged from 8.57 and 11.62 mg/g. A total of 58 aroma-active substances were identified in the five samples, including 11 pyrazines, 11 aldehydes, 7 furans, 6 esters, 6 ketones, 5 alcohols, 5 pyrroles, 2 phenols, 2 acid, 1 pyridine, 1 sulfur-caotaining, and 1 benzene-containing compound. ROAV analysis indicated that the key flavor compounds of the strong aromatic corn oil were 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, furfural, phenylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutanal, respectively. Sensory quality analysis revealed that roasted corn flavor was the dominant characteristic of strong aromatic corn oil, and products from different brands also exhibited varying degrees of salty, nutty, sweet, and burnt notes. This study provides a theoretical reference for the flavor research and aroma quality regulation of commercially available strong aromatic corn oils.

       

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