市售浓香玉米油的风味物质组成及感官分析

    Analysis of flavor composition and sensory quality of commercially dense fragrant corn oil

    • 摘要: 为系统评估和分析市售浓香玉米油的品质差异及其风味特性,采用溶剂辅助风味蒸发法(Solvent-assisted flavor evaporation, SAFE)提取5种市售浓香玉米油中的挥发性成分,并通过气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱联用技术(Gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry, GC-O-MS)对其香气活性物质进行鉴定和对比分析。利用相对气味活度值(Relative odor activity values, ROAV)确定关键活性物质,同时进行感官品质评价。结果表明:5种市售浓香玉米油的理化指标均符合国家标准;其主要脂肪酸为油酸和亚油酸,二者总含量超过80%;生育酚含量为197.91~1129.56 mg/kg,甾醇含量为8.44~11.62 mg/g;共鉴定出58种香气活性物质,包括11种吡嗪类、11种醛类、7种呋喃类、6种酯类、6种酮类、5种醇类、5种吡咯类、2种酚类、2种酸类、1种吡啶类、1种硫类及1种苯类化合物;通过ROAV分析确定,浓香玉米油的关键风味化合物为4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚、糠醛、苯乙醛和3-甲基丁醛;感官品质分析显示,浓香玉米油的主要风味为烤玉米味,不同品牌产品还带有不同程度的咸香味、坚果味、甜香味及焦糊味。本研究结果为浓香玉米油的香气品质调控提供了理论参考。

       

      Abstract: In this study, we compared the physicochemical indexes, nutrients, volatile compounds, aroma active substances and sensory qualities of five commercially available intensely flavored corn oils. Solvent Assisted Flavor Evaporation method was used to extract the volatile components of the intensified corn oil, Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry-Mass Spectrometry was used to identify and analyze the composition of aroma actives in the intensified corn oil, and ROAV was used to determine the key actives, and finally, the organoleptic quality was analyzed. The results showed that five commercially available varieties of dense fragrant corn oil all met national standards for physicochemical indicators. The predominant fatty acids in aromatic corn oil are oleic acid and linoleic acid, which together constitute over 80% of the total fatty acid content. Tocopherol levels ranged from 197.91 to 1129.56 mg/kg, while sterol content measured between 8.44 and 11.62 mg/g. A total of 58 aroma actives were identified in the five commercially dense fragrant corn oils, including 11 pyrazines, 11 aldehydes, 7 furans, 6 esters, 6 ketones, 5 alcohols, 5 pyrroles, 2 phenols, 2 acid, 1 pyridine, 1 sulfur and 1 benzene. Relative Odor Activity Values (ROAVs) were used to identify the key flavor compounds of the concentrated corn oil as 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene, furfural, phenylacetaldehyde and 3-methylbutyraldehyde, respectively. The sensory quality of dense fragrant corn oil is mainly based on roasted corn flavor, with different brands of strong flavored corn oil mixed with varying degrees of salty, nutty, sweet and burnt flavors. This study is important for the flavor study of commercially dense fragrant corn oil.

       

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