Abstract: In this paper,the chia seed oil was obtained using microwave-assisted extraction method under different process conditions.First,the effects of different solvents,liquid-to-solid ratio,microwave radiation time and microwave power on the extraction rates of chia seed oil were studied through single factor analysis.Then,the afforded extraction conditions were further optimized by response surface method.The optimum extraction conditions were:petroleum ether and n-hexane (V:V=1:1) as the extraction solvent,liquid-solid ratio 8:1(mL/g),microwave radiation time 12 minutes and microwave power 520 watts,under which the extraction rate could up to 90.02%.The effect of the factors on the extraction rate of chia seed oil was in the descending order of liquid-solid ratio>microwave power>microwave radiation time.The Influence of liquid-solid ratio on extraction rate of chia seed oil was extremely significant,and the interaction of microwave time and microwave power was also significant.The fatty acid compositions of chia seed oil mainly included five kinds,and the content of unsaturated fatty acids was up to 87.64%.The main unsaturated fatty acids compositions were linolenic acid (58.64%) and linoleic acid (20.71%),indicating that chia seed oil has higher nutritional value and health function.The present study will provide a theoretical basis for the deep exploitation and utilization of chia seed.