Research progress on biological removal methods of ochratoxin A in grain

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a common class of mycotoxin found in food crops, possessing potent carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic properties. Contamination caused by OTA affects the entire industry chain, such as production, purchase, storage, processing, marketing, and transportation, posing severe food safety risks. In this paper, we reviewed the different methods for prevention, control, and removal of OTA in grains over recent years, with in depth discussion on biological removal methods. From the perspective of molecular structure, the mechanism of OTA biodegradation are further analyzed in terms of hydrolysis of amide bonds and lactone rings, and the dechlorination and hydroxylation of the isocoumarin ring. Additionally, the challenges faced in biological detoxification of OTA in food and feed are summarized, and future directions are outlined. The aim is to provide a reference for the application of OTA biological detoxification in grain and feed.